![]() Two to one-and-half centuries ago, authors of chemistry books and chemistry teachers such as Leopold Gmelin ( Gmelin, 1843), Lothar Meyer ( Meyer, 1864), Dmitri Mendeleev ( Mendeleev, 1869b) and Viktor von Richter ( Von Richter, 1875) felt the need for an ordered arrangement of the increasing number of elements. The combination of experimental data and theoretical insight supports a more nuanced understanding of complex periodic trends and non-periodic phenomena. While it is essential that Periodic Tables display important trends in element chemistry we need to keep our eyes open for unexpected chemical behavior in ambient, near ambient, or unusual conditions. Simplified, artistic, or economic tables are relevant to educational and cultural fields, while practicing chemists profit more from “chemical tables of chemical elements.” Such tables should incorporate four aspects: (i) typical valence electron configurations of bonded atoms in chemical compounds (instead of the common but chemically atypical ground states of free atoms in physical vacuum) (ii) at least three basic chemical properties ( valence number, size, and energy of the valence shells), their joint variation across the elements showing principal and secondary periodicity (iii) elements in which the (sp) 8, (d) 10, and (f) 14 valence shells become closed and inert under ambient chemical conditions, thereby determining the “fix-points” of chemical periodicity (iv) peculiar elements at the top and at the bottom of the Periodic Table. ![]() Such tables have been designed with the aim of either classifying real chemical substances or emphasizing formal and aesthetic concepts. To this end, a graphical display of the chemical properties of the elements, in the form of a Periodic Table, is the helpful tool. Comprehensive overviews of the chemistry of the elements and their compounds are needed in chemical science. The chemical elements are the “conserved principles” or “kernels” of chemistry that are retained when substances are altered. 4Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.3Department of Chemistry, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany.2Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.1Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. ![]() This multi-colour coding of the carbon element reflects its distinctive position at the crossroads of a very large natural cycle and a very large anthropogenic usage with considerable geo-strategic stakes – as a major component of oil, carbon was and is connected to several armed conflict worldwide.īy updating the colour of the carbon element in its Periodic Table, EuChemS wants to address issues surrounding this specific element, such as the carbon cycle, fossil fuel reserves, recycling, and the need for a transition in the energy sector.Changsu Cao 1 * René E. ![]() In view of the conclusions drawn during the successful Workshop, The Carbon Element – key towards a sustainable society, and after considerable scientific discussion, the colour of carbon in the EuChemS Periodic Table has been changed from green to partially green, red, and grey, denoting plentiful supply, a serious threat in the next 100 years, and elements from conflict minerals respectively. On 3 November, the European Chemical Society (EuChemS) released an updated version of its iconic Periodic Table, first produced for the International Year of the Periodic Table in 2019 (IYPT19).Ĭonceived as a living document, to be periodically updated in the light of technological, societal, and geopolitical developments – which may affect the availability or status of specific elements – this unique periodic table highlights the availability and vulnerability of elements to raise society’s awareness of the limited mineral resources of our planet. ![]()
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